Trials. Additional filesAdditional file 1: Thrombin up-regulates integrin alpha-5 (ITGA5) in human bone marrow MSCs. MSCs were treated by thrombin (four U/ml) for 24 h and quantitative RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression degree of ITGA5.The primer sequences were as follows: Forward 5-GAAGCAGAAGGGAGGGGTAC-3; Reverse 5-GGGGTCCAAGGAGAAGT TGA-3. The outcomes showed that thrombin could significantly boost MSCs to express ITGA5 (P = 0.045, n = 4). More file two: The cellular microtube structure revealed by alpha-tubulin staining. MSCs were cultured within the absence (left) or in the presence (suitable) of thrombin (four U/ml) for 72 h. The cells had been fixed,Received: 27 September 2013 Revised: 1 January 2014 Accepted: 12 March 2014 Published: 17 March 2014 References 1. Friedenstein AJ, Gorskaja JF, Kulagina NN: Fibroblast precursors in typical and irradiated mouse hematopoietic organs. Exp Hematol 1976, 4:267?74. two. Sensebe L, Bourin P, Tarte K: Excellent manufacturing practices production of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Hum Gene Ther 2011, 22:19?six. 3. Satija NK, Gurudutta GU, Sharma S, Afrin F, Gupta P, Verma YK, Singh VK, Tripathi RP: Mesenchymal stem cells: molecular targets for tissue engineering. Stem Cells Dev 2007, 16:7?3. 4. Maumus M, Guerit D, Toupet K, Jorgensen C, Noel D: Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine: applications in rheumatology. Stem Cell Res Ther 2011, 2:14. five. Menard C, Tarte K: Immunoregulatory properties of clinical grade mesenchymal stromal cells: evidence, uncertainties, and clinical application. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013, four:64. 6. Wang YY, Li XZ, Wang LB: Therapeutic implications of mesenchymal stem cells in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013, four:45. 7. Spees JL, Gregory CA, Singh H, Tucker HA, Peister A, Lynch PJ, Hsu SC, Smith J, Prockop DJ: Internalized antigens must be removed to prepareChen et al. Stem Cell Investigation Therapy 2014, five:36 http://stemcellres/content/5/2/Page 10 of8.9.ten.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22. 23.24.25.26.hypoimmunogenic mesenchymal stem cells for cell and gene therapy. Mol Ther 2004, 9:747?56.3-Borono-4-fluorobenzoic acid Chemscene Shahdadfar A, Fronsdal K, Haug T, Reinholt FP, Brinchmann JE: In vitro expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells: selection of serum is often a determinant of cell proliferation, differentiation, gene expression, and transcriptome stability.Formula of 5-Bromopyridine-2-carbaldehyde Stem Cells 2005, 23:1357?366.PMID:23789847 Schallmoser K, Bartmann C, Rohde E, Reinisch A, Kashofer K, Stadelmeyer E, Drexler C, Lanzer G, Linkesch W, Strunk D: Human platelet lysate can replace fetal bovine serum for clinical-scale expansion of functional mesenchymal stromal cells. Transfusion 2007, 47:1436?446. Capelli C, Domenghini M, Borleri G, Bellavita P, Poma R, Carobbio A, Mico C, Rambaldi A, Golay J, Introna M: Human platelet lysate makes it possible for expansion and clinical grade production of mesenchymal stromal cells from small samples of bone marrow aspirates or marrow filter washouts. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007, 40:785?91. Muller I, Kordowich S, Holzwarth C, Spano C, Isensee G, Staiber A, Viebahn S, Gieseke F, Langer H, Gawaz MP, Horwitz EM, Conte P, Handgretinger R, Dominici M: Animal serum-free culture conditions for isolation and expansion of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from human BM. Cytotherapy 2006, eight:437?44. Doucet C, Ernou I, Zhang Y, Llense JR, Begot L, Holy X, Lataillade JJ: Platelet lysates market mesenchymal stem cell expansion: a security substitute for animal serum in cell-based therapy.